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Education in Poland during World War II
This article covers the topic of underground education in Poland ((ポーランド語:Tajne szkolnictwo) or ') during World War II. Secret learning prepared new cadres for the post-war reconstruction of Poland and countered the German and Soviet threat to eradicate Polish culture.
==Background: repressions of Polish education==
After the Polish defeat in the Polish Defensive War of 1939 and the subsequent German and Soviet occupation of Polish territory, Poland was divided into the areas directly incorporated into the Reich, areas directly incorporated into the Soviet Union and the German-controlled General Government. According to Nazi racial theories the Slavs needed no higher education and the whole nation was to be turned into uneducated serfs for the German race.〔 The only schools that remained opened were trade schools and courses for factory workers.〔"(Chapter XIII - GERMANIZATION AND SPOLIATION )"〕 Himmler prescribed:〔"(HITLER'S PLANS FOR EASTERN EUROPE )"〕
By 1941, the number of children attending elementary school in the General Government was half of the pre-war number.〔Richard C. Lukas, ''Forgotten Holocaust'' p10 ISBN 0-7818-0528-7〕
On the territories incorporated into the Reich, education in Polish was banned and punished with death. Throughout Polish territory the Germans abolished all university education for non-Germans. All institutions of higher education were closed. Their equipment and most of the laboratories were taken to Germany and divided among the German universities while the buildings were turned into offices and military barracks.
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